Review Article
Role of Estrogen in Thyroid Function and Growth Regulation
Table 3
E2 effects on thyroid protein expression, function, and proliferation in vitro.
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Estrogen receptor (ER) +: presence of expression, –: absence of expression; NPA87, KAT5, and BCPAP: human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines; WRO and FRO: human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines; Nthy-3-1: human normal transformed thyroid cell line; ARO: human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line; HTC-TSHr: human thyroid carcinoma cell line lacking endogenous TSH receptor; XTC-133: thyroid cancer cell line of Hurthle cell origin; FRTL-5: Fischer rat thyroid cell line. Mng: multinodular goiter; Ca: carcinoma; Ade: adenoma; N: normal thyroid; TT: human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line; ↑: increase, ↓: decrease, and 0: no effect, after E2 exposure. *: thyroid tissue obtained in surgical resection, under organotypic culture conditions for 48 hours; **: suspension cultures of thyroid follicles. |