A Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiao-Ai-Tong Suppresses Pain through Modulation of Cytokines and Prevents Adverse Reactions of Morphine Treatment in Bone Cancer Pain Patients

Figure 1

Repetitive oral administration of XAT reduced cancer pain and facilitated analgesic effect of morphine on patients with bone cancer pain. VAS test was used for evaluating the pain intensity. (a) Comparison of analgesic effects (VAS scores) of morphine, XAT, and combination of XAT and morphine. (b-c) Comparison of analgesic effects of morphine, XAT, and combination of XAT and morphine between males and females. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Number of patients in each group is indicated in the parentheses. Note that all of the patients indicated in (b-c) were from the same male and female patients’ group in (a). The treatments in each group were applied daily for 7 consecutive days during days 0–6. Two-way ANOVA. and versus morphine (a) or versus male (b, d). ^# and ^## versus XAT (a).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)