Load Frequency Control for Interconnected Multi-area Power Systems with the Semi-Markov Jumping Parameter and Actuator Failure

Table 1

The physical meaning of parameters.

Parameters	Nomenclature
	Frequency deviation
	Mechanical power output increment
	Valve position of turbine
	Mode-dependent damping coefficient
	Turbine time constant
	Governor time constant
	Frequency bias
	Coefficient between the -th and -th area