Theoretical Hydrodynamic Modeling of the Fluidized Bed Photoreactor (FBP) Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): Fluidization Conditions for TiO₂-CuO Immobilized on Beach Sand Granules

Table 3

Photoreactors’ CFD modeling data for similar geometries from recent literature.

Photoreactor type/CFD software	Specifications	Flow regime	Velocity profile	Ref
Cylindrical UV-LED photoreactor/ANSYS –Fluent	Aluminum/radius (3.67 cm), length (30 cm)	Turbulent (maximum velocity: 0.31 m/s)		[37]
Annular photoreactor/ANSYS -Fluent	External radius (5 cm), internal radius (2 cm), length (50 cm), wall thickness (0.5 cm), inlet tube diameter (2 cm), and exit tube diameter (3 cm)	Turbulent (maximum velocity: 0.5 m/s)		[5, 38]
Annular pilot plant reactor/OpenFOAM ()	External radius (15 cm), internal radius (7 cm), length (50 cm), wall thickness (2.0 cm), inlet/outlet tube diameter (3 cm)	Laminar (maximum velocity: 0.05 m/s)		[39]

The authors of this work illustrated the velocity profiles in COMSOL 6.0 from the reference report.