Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly considered as a potential provider of markers useful for early diagnosis in patients with neurological disorders. However, while some neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis are associated with evident brain tissue alterations (such as gray matter volume loss and white matter demyelination), other disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and mild cognitive impairment are generally associated with negative evidence from conventional neuroradiology. Nevertheless, during last years, several research groups, using advanced multimodal neuroimaging, demonstrated the existence of numerous underlying brain abnormalities that could predict or characterize the onset of these diseases. The concomitant improvements in computational tools and in magnetic resonance image quality have triggered a large renewal of interest in this field of study. The main focus of this special issue will be on the new findings revealed by advanced brain imaging and analysis methods such as Voxel-based and Tensor-based Morphometry, Cortical Thickness analysis, diffusion tensor imaging, quantitative relaxometry, resting state connectivity, applied to the study of neurodegenerative disorders. The main goal is to describe the novel markers derived from MRI which are able to better define the pathophysiological correlates of these diseases such as macro-/microstructural volumetric changes, quantification of mineral accumulation, and alteration of well-defined functional networks. Main topics include, but are not limited to:

• Combined application of VBM and cortical thickness in neurological disorders
• Microstructural changes as revealed by diffusion analysis in movement disorders
• Quantitative relaxometry as a possible early marker of Parkinson's disease
• Individual patient diagnosis via pattern classification of MRI in dementia
• Altered resting-state functional connectivity in neurodegenerative disorders
• Combination of multiple MRI methods to differentiate the profile of normal aging changes from regional alterations induced by neurodegeneration

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