Review Article
The Hypoxic Testicle: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Table 1
Experimental approaches that prevent testicular and sperm damage during environmental hypoxia.
| Hypobaric hypoxia | Treatment | Mechanism | Results versus injury | Reference |
| Acute | Cyproheptadine | 5-HT receptor blocker | ▼Effects on spermatogenesis and testosterone production | [40] | Chronic | Caloric restriction | ? | Suppresses early rise in testosterone | [31] | Intermittent | Ascorbic acid
| ▼Oxidative stress in testis and epididymis ▲Glutathione reductase activity in testis and epididymis ▲ Sperm count | Reversedthe effectsof oxidative stress intestis, epididymis, and sperm cells
| [41]
| Intermittent | Melatonin (oral administration) | Preventsoxidativedamageof enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase | Protective effect against lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress and reduction in sperm motility
| [42] | Intermittent | Melatonin (intraperitoneal administration) | ▼ Levels of LH and FSH Inhibition of aromatase | No protective effect in testis, and epididymis No prevention of reduction in the numbers of sperm cells
| [43] | Chronic and intermittent | Ibuprofen | Decreases hypoxia-induced vasodilation? | Protective effect against hypoxia-induced seminal lipid peroxidation
| [42] |
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