Metformin Prevents Renal Stone Formation through an Antioxidant Mechanism In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 4

Effect of metformin on SOD and MDA levels in cultured HK-2 cells treated with oxalate. (a) MDA levels of HK-2 cells were treated with 1.6 mM sodium oxalate with or without 1 mM metformin for the indicated time points. (b) SOD activities of HK-2 cells were treated with 1.6 mM sodium oxalate with or without 1 mM metformin for the indicated time points. Values represent mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. , versus control.

(a)

(b)