A “Weird” Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation as a Metabolic “Secret” of Cancer

Figure 4

Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity by phosphatases and kinases (adapted according to Bhandary and Aguan [85]). The enzyme activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases (PDPs) depends on the intramitochondrial concentration of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and insulin. The enzyme activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) depends on the ratios Acetyl-CoA/CoA, NADH/NAD⁺, and ATP/ADP.