Risk of Dementia in Patients with Depression or Parkinson’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 3

Incident rate and hazard ratio for dementia with PD.

Group	Without PD	With PD	Crude HR (95% CI)		Adjusted HR^b (95% CI)
	Incident rate^a	Incident rate^a
Overall	8.3	24.2	2.91 (2.39–3.53)	<0.001	3.05 (2.51–3.70)	<0.001
Female	7.9	22.5	2.87 (2.16–3.82)	<0.001	2.92 (2.19–3.89)	<0.001
Male	8.7	25.8	2.94 (2.26–3.83)	<0.001	3.20 (2.45–4.17)	<0.001
Age, years
<50	0.2	2.5	10.14 (1.97–52.26)	0.006	12.10 (2.15–68.04)	0.005
50–64	1.3	13.1	9.84 (4.51–21.49)	<0.001	9.59 (4.38–20.98)	<0.001
≧65	15.4	42.3	2.78 (2.26–3.42)	<0.001	2.74 (2.22–3.36)	<0.001
Depression
No^c	7.9	29.2	3.71 (3.00–4.58)	<0.001	3.30 (2.67–4.07)	<0.001
Yes^c	13.7	13.2	0.97 (0.58–1.61)	0.905	1.77 (1.06–2.96)	0.030

Note. PD = Parkinson’s disease, HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, n = case number, % = percentage, and  =  value. ^aPer 1000 person-years. ^bAdjusted HR: adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and ischemic heart disease. ^c“No” = without depression; “yes” = with depression.