Pareidolia in Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy
Table 1
Demographic and clinical profiles of the participants.
Group
PD
MSA
value
Total no.
40
48
Sex (male/female)a
23/17
29/19
0.782
Age at the pareidolia test, y, median (range)b
69.5 (47–82)
66 (48–82)
0.020
Disease duration, y, median (range)b
6.65 (0.6–26.3)
1.95 (0.7–8.6)
<0.001
ACE-III total score, median (range)b
91 (63–100)
90 (58–97)
0.491
Attention/orientation, median (range)b
17.5 (11–18)
17 (12–18)
0.287
Memory, median (range)b
23 (9–26)
22.5 (10–26)
0.787
Fluency (mean ± SD)c
9.8 ± 2.2
9.4 ± 2.2
0.429
Language, median (range)b
26 (20–26)
26 (15–26)
0.970
Visuospatial, median (range)b
15 (8–16)
15 (6–16)
0.325
FAB, median (range)b
15 (9–18)
14 (5–18)
0.102
Pareidolia test
Pareidolia, median (range)d
0 (0–17)
0 (0–4)
0.001
Missed, median (range)d
0 (0-1)
0 (0-2)
0.492
PD: Parkinson’s disease; MSA: multiple system atrophy; ACE-III: Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination; SD: standard deviation; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery. aχ2 test. bMann–Whitney U test. cStudent’s t-test. dAnalysis of covariance. Values in bold are statistically significant at p < 0.05.
