Neuroprotective Effects of Estradiol plus Lithium Chloride via Anti-Apoptosis and Neurogenesis Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Parkinson’s Disease Models

Figure 2

The anti-apoptosis effect of E2 plus lithium chloride on 6-OHDA-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. (a) The SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with 1 mM LiCl for 1 hr in the absence or presence of 100 nM E2 and then challenged with 20 μM 6-OHDA for 8 hr. Apoptotic effect of control, 6-OHDA, 6-OHDA plus 1 mM LiCl, 6-OHDA plus 1 mM LiCl, and 100 nM E2 and 6-OHDA plus 100 nM E2 groups. TUNEL staining was performed, and white arrows represent apoptotic cells (scale bar, 100 μm). The quantification result of apoptotic cells is shown. (b) The SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with 1 mM LiCl for 1 hr in the absence or presence of 100 nM E2 and then challenged with 20 μM 6-OHDA for 8 hr in control, 6-OHDA, 6-OHDA plus 1 mM LiCl, 6-OHDA plus 1 mM LiCl, and 100 nM E2 and 6-OHDA plus 100 nM E2 groups. (c) The SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with 1 mM LiCl for 1 hr in the absence or presence of 100 nM E2 and then challenged with 20 μM 6-OHDA for 8 hr in control, 6-OHDA, 6-OHDA plus 1 mM LiCl, 6-OHDA plus 1 mM LiCl, and 100 nM E2 and 6-OHDA plus 100 nM E2 groups. Western blotting of cleaved caspase-3 protein and quantification of each group are shown. β-Actin was used as an internal control for normalization. The value corresponds to the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments that have been done in triplicate (n = 9). compared with the control group; compared with the 6-OHDA group.

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