Like a Wave in Its Variable Shape, Breadth, and Depth: A Qualitative Interview Study of Experiences of Daytime Sleepiness in People with Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Sample characteristics (n = 12)^a.

Variable	Participants
Gender (female/male) (n)	5/7
Age (years)	65.0 (61.0–75.75; 42–82)
Time since PD diagnosis (years)	6.5 (2.6–10.75; 1.5–21)
Hoehn & Yahr stage of PD inON (I–V)^b,c,d	2.5 (I-II; I-III)
Hoehn & Yahr stage of PD inOFF (I–V)^b,d	III (III-IV; III-IV) (n = 7)
ESS daytime sleepiness score (0–24)	14 (13–19; 12–23)
PSQI, sleep quality score (0–21)^d	10.0 (9.25–13.0; 9–14)
FACIT-F, fatigue score (0–52)^e	34.0 (26.75–37; 12–47)
HADS, depression score (0–21)^d	9.0 (7.25–12.5; 6–15)
HADS, anxiety score (0–21)^d	13.0 (10.25–15.0; 9–15)

^aData are median (q1–q3; min–max) unless otherwise noted. ^bRange, I–V (I = mild unilateral disease; II = bilateral disease without postural impairment; III = bilateral disease with postural impairment, moderate disability; IV = severe disability, still able to walk and stand unassisted; V = confined to bed or wheelchair unless aided). ^cAs assessed during the “ON” phase. ^dHigher scores = worse. ^eHigher scores = better. PD, Parkinson’s disease; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Profile; FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.