PPAR-γ Activation Alleviates Osteoarthritis through Both the Nrf2/NLRP3 and PGC-1α/Δψ_m Pathways by Inhibiting Pyroptosis

Figure 2

Piog alleviates osteoarthritis and reduces NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in rat experiments. (a) Gross observation of the control, OA, Piog, and OA + Piog groups. (b) The rat femur coronals were sectioned and stained using S-O staining. The cartilage area is stained red and the subchondral bone blue. The sections of the control, OA, Piog, and OA + Piog groups were observed under the microscope (bar: 100 μm). (c–f) Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the levels of GSDMD-N and NLRP3 in the lateral femoral condyle of the rat knee (bar: 100 μm). The immunohistochemical staining results were quantified. (g) ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in the cartilage. The data represent three independent experiments and are expressed as mean ± SD. **.

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