Buspirone Induces Weight Loss and Normalization of Blood Pressure via the Stimulation of PPARδ Dependent Energy Producing Pathway in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Figure 6

SDH activity assay and western blot analyses for PPARδ, p-AMPK, and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle tissues from SHR treated with buspirone 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day (0.01, 0.05, or 0.1 mg/mL/kg/day). PPARδ expression was not significantly increased in groups treated with buspirone 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL/kg/day) compared to 8w untreated group (a). Phosphorylated AMPK and PGC-1α levels were elevated in groups treated with buspirone 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL/kg/day) (b and c). SDH activity was lowered in 8w untreated group compared to 4w normal group; however, the activity was increased in groups treated with buspirone 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL/kg/day) (d). The results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (). Values were statistically analyzed using the unpaired t-test to compare two groups, and to compare means of three or more groups was used one-way ANOVA test and followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. All experiments were repeated over three times. *, **, ***, ****.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)