|
| | n (%) |
| | Yes | No |
|
| Socio-demographic factors |
|
| Repudiation of pain medication in culture | 93(68.4) | 43(31.6) |
| Age inappropriate to take pain medication frequently | 84(61.8) | 52(38.2) |
| Pain medications are very expensive | 63(46.3) | 73(53.7) |
|
| Personal Factors |
|
| pain medications are inappropriate after cardiac surgery | 25(18.4) | 111(81.6) |
| Pain should not be suppressed Post-operatively | 67(49.3) | 69(50.7) |
| Post-operative pain is inevitable | 32(23.5) | 104(76.5) |
| Easy addiction with opioid analgesics | 120 | 16(11.8) |
| Pain medication affects the immune system | 99 | 37(27.2) |
| Pain medication affects liver | 106(77.9) | 30(22.1) |
| Pain medication affects muscle tone and daily activity | 104(76.5) | 32(23.5) |
| Pain medication delays my wound healing | 65(47.8) | 71(52.2) |
| Pain medication causes drowsiness | 90(66.2) | 46(33.8) |
| Pain medication decreases libido | 85(62.5) | 51(37.5) |
|
| Home remedies are better than pain medications | 75(55.1) | 61(44.9) |
| Deep breathing, meditation, and music therapy are better than pain medication | 113(83.1) | 23(16.9) |
|
| Post-operative factors |
|
| Physical activity increases pain | 100 | 36(26.5) |
| Activity restriction is good to manage pain | 111(81.6) | 25(18.4) |
|
| Organizational factors |
|
| Adequate pre-operative teaching about post-operative pain and its management | 86(63.2) | 50(36.8) |
| Inadequate policy and standards about post-operative pain and its management | 31(22.8) | 105(77.2) |
| Medication process is time consuming | 24(17.6) | 112(82.4) |
| Nurses’ perception and attitude make patients nervous about taking painkillers | 33(24.3) | 103(75.7) |
| Nurses workload delays pain management | 59(43.4) | 77(56.6) |
| Nurses neglect pain and its management after cardiac surgeries | 29(21.3) | 107(78.7) |
| Nurses are reluctant to give painkillers | 55 | 81(59.6) |
| Nurses are ignorant about post-operative pain and its management | 67(49.3) | 69(50.7) |
| Nurses need need more education about pain and its management after cardiac surgery | 120 | 16(11.8) |
|
| Pain Expression and Communication Factors |
|
| Feeling difficulty to tell a nurse about pain | 21(15.4) | 115(84.6) |
| Reporting pain repetitively gives an impact of an irritating personality | 122(89.7) | 14(10.3) |
|
