Review Article
Shedding Light on the Controversy Surrounding the Temporal Decline in Human Sperm Counts: A Systematic Review
Table 2
Summary of studies, published from 1995 up to date, not showing a decline in sperm counts.
| Publication date | Author | Location | Study period | Number of participants | Sperm count* |
| 1996 |
Bujan et al. [44] | France | 1977–1992 | 302 | NC | 1996 | Vierula et al. [45] | Finland | 1967–1994 | 5,719 | NC | 1996 | Paulsen et al. [46] | United States | 1972–1993 | 510 | NC | 1996 | Fisch et al. [47] | United States | 1970–1994 | 1,283 | ↑ | 1997 | Berling and Wölner-Hanssen [48] | Sweden | 1985–1995 | 718 | ↑ | 1997 | Benshushan et al. [49] | Israel | 1980–1995 | 188 | NC | 1997 | Handelsman [50] | Australia | 1980–1995 | 689 | NC | 1997 | Rasmussen et al. [51] | Denmark | 1950–1970 | 1,055 | NC | 1997 | Zheng et al. [52] | Denmark | 1968–1992 | 8,608 | NC | 1998 | Emanuel et al. [53] | United States | 1971–1994 | 374 | NC | 1998 | Younglai et al. [54] | Canada | 1984–1996 | 48,968 | NC | 1999 | Andolz et al. [55] | Spain | 1960–1996 | 20,411 | NC | 1999 | Gyllenborg et al. [56] | Denmark | 1977–1995 | 1,927 | ↑ | 1999 | Zorn et al. [57] | Norway | 1975–1994 | 1,108 | NC | 1999 | Acacio et al. [58] | Slovenia | 1983–1996 | 2,343 | NC | 2000 | Itoh et al. [59] | United States | 1951–1997 | 1,347 | NC | 2001 | Costello et al. [60] | Japan | 1975–1998 | 711 | NC | 2002 | Marimuthu et al. [61] | Australia | 1983–2001 | 448 | NC | 2003 | Chen et al. [62] | India | 1990–2000 | 1,176 | NC | 2003 | Carlsen et al. [63] | United States | 1989–2000 | 551 | ↑ | 2005 | Mukhopadhyay et al. [64] | Denmark | 1996–2001 | 158 | NC | 2010 | Esteves et al. [65] | India | 1980–2000 | 3,729 | NC | 2011 | Axelsson et al. [43] | Sweden | 2000–2010 | 511 | NC | 2012 | Jensen et al. [42] | Denmark | 1996–2010 | 4,867 | ↑ |
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↑: significant increase; NC: no significant change.
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