NMR Spectroscopy of Human Eye Tissues: A New Insight into Ocular Biochemistry

Figure 1

Representative HR MAS ¹H NMR spectra of the intact human eye tissues. (a) cornea, (b) ciliary body, (c) iris, (d) lens, and (e) retina. The ppm values were assigned using sodium [2,2,3,3-d₄]3′-trimethylsilylpropionate (TSP) as the reference substance at 0 ppm. Ac: acetate; Ala: alanine; Arg: arginine; Asc: ascorbate; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; But: butyrate; Ch: choline; Cr: creatine; For: formate; α -Glc: α-glucose; β -Glc: β-glucose; Glu: glutamate; Gln: glutamine; GMP: guanosine monophosphate; GPC: glycerophosphocholine; GSH: glutathione; His: histidine; h-Tau: hypo-taurine; Ile: isoleucine; Lac: lactate; Leu: leucine; m-In: myo-inositol; Met: methionine; Phe: phenylalanine; P-Ch: phosphocholine; P-Cr: phosphocreatine; Su: succinate; Tau: taurine; Tyr: tyrosine; Val: valine; ppm: parts per million.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)