Analysis of Japanese Patients Treated with or without Long-Term Epirubicin Plus Ara-C Intravesical Instillation Therapy for Low-Grade Superficial Bladder Cancer

Table 2

Univariate and multivariate analysis of significant predictors of tumor recurrence.

Variables	Univariate analysis		value	Multivariate analysis		value
	HR	95% C.I.		HR	95% C.I.
Age	0.97	0.94–1.01	0.12	0.98	0.95–1.00	0.14
Sex
Male/female	0.54	0.23–1.23	0.14	0.71	0.35–1.41	0.33
Previous bladder cancer history
Yes/no	2.81	1.40–5.64	0.01	2.41	1.26–4.59	<0.01
Tumor grade
G2/G1	1.84	0.91–3.71	0.08	2.20	1.19–4.06	0.01
Multiplicity
Multiple/solitary tumor	2.88	1.27–6.52	0.05	2.26	1.05–4.82	0.03
Tumor size
>1/<1	2.11	1.02–4.38	0.06	0.73	0.34–1.58	0.43
Growth pattern
Nonpapillary/papillary	1.31	0.40–4.16	0.86	1.11	0.41–3.00	0.83
Treatment protocol
Instillation/TURBT-only	0.44	0.21–0.92	0.04	0.45	0.24–0.85	0.02

TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor; HR, hazard ratio; C.I., confidence interval.