Research Article

Oxidative Transformation of Controlled Substances by Manganese Dioxide

Figure 7

Effect of fulvic acid on the oxidation of (a) morphine (with 100 μg/L MnO2) and (b) codeine (with 8 mg/L MnO2) (compound concentration = 100 μg/L, pH = 7, and ionic strength = 10 mM).
(a)
(b)