Assessment of Population Exposure to Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in the Urban Areas of Chennai, India

Table 6

Previously reported source apportionment studies for Chennai city.

SI. number	Source/locations	Author & year	Contribution
1	Mixed/traffic, industrial, background sites	Oanh et al., 2006 [33]	Traffic, industrial showed dominant source signatures. Ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 was about 0.5 at all the three sites during 2002-2003
2	Industry & road dust	Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), 2010 [34]	PM10 & PM2.5 showed the highest levels of traffic and industrial site during winter (December–February 2001-2002). Source segregation provided dominance by resuspended soil/road dust
3	Industry, traffic, background & kerbside	Bathmanabhan and Madanayak, 2010 [35]	Results from the factor analysis showed that diesel based engine (DG sets and vehicles), gasoline vehicles, and soil dust are major sources of pollution in most of the sites and in most of the season
4	Road side/traffic location	Ragettli et al., 2014 [36]	Relationship between PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations showed a significant correlation denoting that traffic related emissions are the main source contributor at the study location
5	Multipollutant gridded emission inventory & dispersion modeling from all available sources like transport, road dust, residential, power plants, industries, brick kilns, waste burning, and diesel generator sets	Guttikunda and Jawahar, 2012 [24]	As PM10 concern road dust contributes as the prime source with 41%, followed by transport (20%), power plants (11%), brick kilns (7%), construction activities (6%), domestic and waste burning (5%), industries, and diesel generator sets share 2%, whereas PM2.5 relates to transport (35%) followed by power plants (14%), road dust (12%), brick kilns (11%), domestic & waste burning shares (8%), diesel generator sets, industries, and construction activities share (4%)
6	Sector-specific emissions inventory from all known sources	Guttikunda et al., 2014 [27]	Estimated particulate emissions inventory for the base year 2012 shows that for PM10 major contributors are listed as transport sector (34%), industries (21%), power plants (12%), road dust (9%), brick kilns (7%), domestic & construction (4%), open waste burning (3%), generator sets (1%). Similarly, contributions from PM2.5 show industries (21%), power plants (13%), brick kilns (7%), domestic (6%), open waste burning (3%), road dust (2%), and generator sets & construction (1%)