Review Article

Information Technology in Critical Care: Review of Monitoring and Data Acquisition Systems for Patient Care and Research

Table 1

Timeline of computers in the ICU.

Computer

1946ENIAC introduced
1951IBM ERA 1103 introduced
1966HP 2115 introduced

Electronic medical recordComputer systems for the ICU

1961Clinical decision support for diagnosis of hematologic disorders (Lipkin)
1964Marquette Electronics founded
1965Computerized respiratory monitoring (Stacy and Peters)
1966Computerized collection of vital signs (Shubin)
1969IDX System founded for revenue cycle management (utilizing MUMPS)
1973Computer assisted monitoring with trend analysis (Lauwers)
1975HP introduces Patient Data Management System (PDMS)
1976Clinical decision support for management of critically ill surgical patients (Siegel)
1977The Medical Record (TMR), Duke University
Regenstrief Medical Record System (RMRS), Indiana University
1978Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR), University of Vermont
Computer Stored Ambulatory Record (COSTAR), Harvard University (MUMPS)
1979Epic Systems founded (MUMPS)
1980Computerized management system for ICU (Manzano)
1983Health Evaluation through Logical Processing (HELP), University of Utah
1986Computerized system for automating blood transfusion (Sheppard)
1997Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture (VistA) foundedHP introduces Carevue system
Capsule Technologie introduces DataCaptor
1999Excel Medical Electronics introduces Bedmaster XA
2000MedicaLogic founded

Clinical Information Systems

2003GE’s Centricity Critical Care system introduced
2007Philips IntelliVue Clinical Information Portfolio (ICIP) Critical Care introduced