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| Reference | Classification | LC + DEA method | Case study | Key aspects |
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| [38] | Environmental | 3-step LCA + DEA | Electronic devices | Comparative ecoefficiency analysis
Ecopoint LCA scores used as inputs in the DEA matrix |
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| [29] | Environmental | 5-step LCA + DEA | Mussel rafts | Direct link between operational and environmental efficiency
Lower economic expenses and lower environmental impacts |
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| [26] | Environmental | 3-step LCA + DEA | Trawling vessels in Galicia (NW Spain) | Presentation of the 5-step LCA + DEA method
Inclusion of discards as bad output in DEA model |
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| [31] | Environmental | 3-step LCA + DEA | Mussel rafts | Joint reduction targets computed for operational inputs and environmental impacts |
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| [32] | Environmental | 5-step LCA + DEA | Dairy farms in Galicia (NW Spain) | Benchmarking of environmental impacts
Superefficiency calculation for best-performing farms |
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| [39] | Environmental | 3-step LCA + DEA | Electric and electronic products | Damage indicators provided by Ecoindicator 99 are included as inputs in the DEA matrix |
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| [40] | Environmental | 3-step LCA + DEA | Mahón cheese production (Balearic Islands, Spain) | Analysis of most ecoefficient production techniques
Monte Carlo simulations to detect changes in the ecoefficiency ratio due to price fluctuations |
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| [36] | Environmental | 5 -step LCA + DEA | Galician fishing fleets divided by gear type and fishing zone | Intra- and interassessment of fishing fleets
Operational inputs with low environmental contributions may still imply important economic savings if minimised |
|
| [33] | Environmental | 5 -step LCA + DEA | Viticulture in the Rías Baixas appellation
(Galicia, Spain) | 5-step LCA + DEA method including superefficiency analysis to identify best-performers
Environmental impacts include USEtox and CML impact categories |
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| [41] | Environmental | 3-step LCA + DEA | Ecoefficiency of construction materials | DEA is used to rank material alternatives, while LCA is used to quantify the environmental impacts |
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| [42] | Environmental | 3-step LCA + DEA | Swiss dairy farms in the Alpine area | DEA matrix made up of environmental impacts as inputs exclusively
Description of the relationship between economic and environmental performance |
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| [45] | Environmental | EIO-LCA + DEA | US manufacturing sector | Hierarchical EIO-LCA + DEA method
Food, beverages, tobacco, and petroleum identified as drivers of overall environmental impact |
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| [34] | Environmental | 5-step LCA + DEA | Soybean farms in Iran | Identification of bad operational practices and recommendation of improvement actions |
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| [27] | Environmental | 5-step LCA + DEA | 25 wind farms located in southern Spain | Environmental benchmarks for end-of-life applications |
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| [30] | Environmental | 5-step LCA + DEA | Galician fishing fleets | Social indicators (e.g., working hours or crew size) included as inputs in LCA + DEA
Discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of these inclusions |
|
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[28] | Energy | Em + DEA | 25 wind farms located in southern Spain | Energy-based ecoefficiency methods
Em + DEA viewed as an ecocentric perspective rather than an anthropogenic approach represented by CED and CExD |
| Energy | CED + DEA |
| Energy | CExD + DEA |
|
| [37] | Environmental | 5-step LCA + DEA | Peruvian anchoveta fishing fleet segments | Fishing fleet segments as DMUs rather than individual vessels
Clustering of LCI items as inputs in the DEA matrix |
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| [35] | Environmental | 5-step LCA + DEA | Rice paddy fields | Distinction between spring/summer rice paddy
Superefficiency analysis to identify best-performing entities |
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