Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Status toward Clinical Reasoning and Evidence-Based Medicine among the Medical Interns and Gynecology Residents of Iran University of Medical Sciences
Table 3
Association of the related factors with the KAP components.
Variable (unit)
Statistical test
KAP component (score from −2 to 2)
CR-A
CR-K
CR-P
EBM-A
EBM-K
EBM-P
Age (years)
Pearson corr.
Coef. (r)
−0.025
0.062
0.251
−0.120
−0.128
−0.081
value
0.847
0.637
0.057#
0.361
0.334
0.545
Gender (male)
Independent t1
value
0.031
−0.132
−0.123
−0.069
−0.506
−0.388
Mean diff.
0.832
0.625
0.611
0.676
0.108
0.179
Educational level
ANOVA2
F stat.
0.757
0.450
2.139
0.588
1.287
1.612
value
0.523
0.718
0.136
0.625
0.288
0.197
Intern
Mean diff.
NA3
NA
0.000
NA
NA
0.000
value
Ref.
Ref.
Resident (year 1)
Mean diff.
NA
NA
−0.053
NA
NA
−0.898
value
0.999
0.291
Resident (year 2)
Mean diff.
NA
NA
0.282
NA
NA
−0.498
value
0.869
0.684
Resident (year 3)
Mean diff.
NA
NA
1.125
NA
NA
0.522
value
0.049
0.682
GP score
ANOVA
F stat.
0.502
3.071
1.163
1.574
2.068
2.193
value
0.735
0.024
0.338
0.194
0.098#
0.082#
<14
Mean diff.
NA
0.000
NA
0.000
0.000
0.000
value
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
14-15
Mean diff.
NA
0.733
NA
0.571
1.375
0.333
value
0.644
0.511
0.319
0.964
15-16
Mean diff.
NA
0.488
NA
0.603
1.490
1.342
value
0.765
0.317
0.145
0.144
16-17
Mean diff.
NA
0.139
NA
0.482
0.850
0.333
value
0.994
0.424
0.469
0.915
>17
Mean diff.
NA
1.084
NA
0.812
1.572
0.945
value
0.163
0.091#
0.076#
0.306
Research experience
ANOVA
F stat.
1.879
5.100
1.944
3.019
9.477
8.281
value
0.127
0.001
0.117
0.025
<0.001
<0.001
I don’t have
Mean diff.
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
value
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Executive contribution
Mean diff.
0.449
0.147
0.686
0.313
0.676
0.618
value
0.090#
0.983
0.119
0.440
0.178
0.190
Congress presentation
Mean diff.
−0.265
0.426
0.534
−0.098
1.521
0.496
value
0.880
0.892
0.768
0.998
0.041
0.813
Journal article
Mean diff.
0.220
1.106
0.620
0.625
0.512
1.470
value
0.593
0.001
0.116
0.007
<0.001
<0.001
A lot of papers
Mean diff.
0.258
1.560
0.653
0.282
2.750
2.063
value
0.890
0.025
0.758
0.888
0.001
0.009
General practice (I had)
Independent t
Mean diff.
0.134
0.084
1.034
−0.098
−0.489
0.325
value
0.494
0.815
<0.0014
0.689
0.241
0.390
(1) Positive mean difference indicates higher mean in males and those having experience of general practice. (2) Dunnett post hoc test was performed in which positive mean difference indicates higher mean in comparison to the reference category. (3) Not applicable due to F test value >0.2. (4) Unequal variance was assumed. Significant at 0.05. #Significant at 0.1.