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Variable | Attributes | Theory (based on qualitative analysis) |
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When I am administering antibiotics to the cow with mastitis, I consider that it is okay to consume its milk at home or to sell it in the village | 98.6% disagree BTSCC and CFU higher for those who disagree | Self-consumption of milk Milk produced on the farm is an essential food for families Some dairy farmers prefer pasteurized milk because of the risks of raw milk Many are unaware that bovine mastitis bacteria can affect human health Some believe that the cooling tank kills bacteria in raw milk Use of milk with antibiotics In calf feeding Self-consumption on the farm Those who put their ethics first discard milk. However, protocols are required to avoid soil and water contamination. |
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Intention to sell milk in the village when the dairy industry does not buy it for high BTSCC | 25.9% agree to sell it despite poor quality BTSCC and CFU higher for those who disagree on selling milk with poor sanitary quality in the village | Control of the dairy industry Government control over the quality of milk is only applied to large dairy and processing industries There is no government control over drug suppliers |
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Type of informed selling of the milk produced | 1.4% report in surveys that they trade informally CFU and BTSCC higher for those who do informal trade | Informal milk trade In interviews, most dairy farmers reported informal trade of milk containing antibiotics Dairy farmers’ decisions about milk marketing are influenced by the following factors: Lack of education and accompaniment to the dairy farmer High cost of inputs The lack of tertiary roads makes formal milk marketing difficult Problems with electricity supply Some dairy farmers prefer to sell their milk to a company that does not demand quality milk Milk with antibiotics is marketed in liquid form, or transformed into cheese, curds, or bakery products Tank truck drivers who return milk with antibiotics to the dairy farmer promote informal trade Informal collectors represent an alternative to reduce the economic loss when they must discard milk Informal trade is increasing as it is more profitable to process poor-quality milk bought at low prices Meat from cows with chronic mastitis subjected to antibiotics is taken to the informal trade Large dairy farmers generate processing companies where they take their withdrawal milk Informal trade within the formal trade by medium and large milk collection and processing companies Imports of milk and whey promote enlechadas and the informal trade |
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I am concerned about consumer health if I sell milk in the village from cows that dairy companies would not buy from me | 99.5% are concerned Higher BTSCC and lower CFU in milk from farms whose dairy farmer is not concerned about consumer health | Beliefs about the elimination of antibiotics in milk The mistaken belief that pasteurization eliminates antibiotics in milk It is believed that diluting milk with antibiotics in more milk is sufficient and does not impact health It is believed that the addition of pasteurization, curdling, heating, and baking of products such as pandequeso denatures antibiotics completely |
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