Intermittent Alien Hand Syndrome and Callosal Apraxia in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Interhemispheric Communication

Table 2

DA performance on selected motor tasks (the star indicates scores below cutoffs).

Motor tasks	Range	Cutoffs	Right hand; raw score; (corrected)	Left hand; raw score; (corrected)	R & L; hand
Writing to dictation^1
(i) Words	0–10	≤6.4	10	7 (6.3)*	—
(ii) Nonwords	0–5	≤1.4	5	4 (3.3)	—
(iii) Sentences	0–2	<0.6	2	0*	—
Writing (copying)
(i) Words	0–5	—	5	5	—
(ii) Digits	0–10	—	10	9	—
Action imitation^2
(i) MF actions	0–36	≤32	32	31*	—
(ii) ML actions	0–36	≤31	30*	30*	—
Tool use
(i) Pantomimes (verbal)^3	0–16	≤12	16	16	—
(ii) Single object use (a)^4	0–14	<14	14	14	—
(iii) Single object use (b)	0–15	—	15	15	—
(iv) Multiple object use^5	0–5	<5	—	—	5
Construction ability
(i) Figure copying^6	0–12	≤7.18	10 (10.1)	9/12 (9.1)
(ii) Rey-Osterrieth complex fig.^7	0–36	≤28.87	31
(iii) WAIS-R block design^8	0–36	—	—	—	22 (𝑧=+0.0)
(iv) Clock drawing test^9	0–10	≤7	9
Tactile gnosis	0–20	—	19	16	—

Note: the different motor components were explored by mean of the following standardized tests: the writing subtests of the Esame Neuropsicologico per l’Afasia(Capasso, Miceli 2001)¹; test for ideomotor apraxia (Tessari et al., 2011 [10])²; the pantomime subtest of the Limb Apraxia Battery (Bartolo et al., 2008)³; real object use in addition to ideational apraxia testing (DeRenzi et al., 1968)⁴; multiple object use (De Renzi and Lucchelli, 1988)⁵; the constructional apraxia subtest of the mental deterioration battery (Carlesimo et al., 1995)⁶; the Italian version of the Rey Figure copying test (Caffarra e coll., 2002)⁷; the Italian version of the block design subtest of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS-R)⁸; clock drawing subtest of the Esame Neuropsicologico Breve (Mondini et al., 2008)⁹.