Lower Urinary Tract and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Are Common in Early Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Comparison of prevalence and frequency of autonomic symptoms between the high and low SCOPA-AUT groups of patients with PD.

Domains	Prevalence of autonomic symptoms						Frequency of autonomic symptoms
	Total, n = 414 (%)	High SCOPA-AUT (≥10), n = 181 (%)	Low SCOPA-AUT (<10), n = 233 (%)	value	OR	95% CI of OR	Total, n = 414, mean (SD)	High SCOPA-AUT (≥10), n = 181, mean (SD)	Low SCOPA-AUT (<10), n = 233, mean (SD)	value	d	95% CI of d
Urinary	392 (94.7)	180 (99.4)	212 (91.0)	<0.001	17.8	2.4 to 133.9	4.2 (3.0)	6.2 (3.1)	2.6 (1.7)	<0.001	1.4	1.3 to 1.7
Gastrointestinal	310 (74.9)	171 (94.5)	139 (59.7)	<0.001	11.6	5.8 to 23.0	2.1 (2.1)	3.5 (2.2)	1.1 (1.2)	<0.001	1.4	1.3 to 1.7
Thermoregulatory	236 (57.0)	144 (79.6)	92 (39.5)	<0.001	6.0	3.8 to 9.3	1.2 (1.4)	1.9 (1.6)	0.6 (0.9)	<0.001	1.0	0.9 to 1.3
Sexual	192 (46.4)	122 (67.4)	70 (30.0)	<0.001	4.8	3.2 to 7.3	1.1 (1.6)	1.8 (1.8)	0.6 (1.0)	<0.001	0.8	0.7 to 1.1
Pupillomotor	141 (34.1)	98 (54.1)	43 (18.5)	<0.001	5.2	3.4 to 8.1	0.4 (0.7)	0.7 (0.7)	0.2 (0.5)	<0.001	0.70	0.5 to 0.9
Cardiovascular	140 (33.8)	87 (48.1)	53 (22.7)	<0.001	3.1	2.1 to 4.8	0.5 (0.8)	0.7 (1.0)	0.3 (0.5)	<0.001	0.6	0.4 to 0.8
Total	403 (97.3)	181 (100)	0 (0)	0.003	18.8	1.1 to 320.6	9.5 (6.2)	14.9 (5.3)	5.4 (2.3)	<0.001	2.3	2.1 to 2.6

SCOPA-AUT: Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-Autonomic dysfunction; PD: Parkinson’s disease; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation.