Handgrip Strength and Anthropometry in Parkinson’s Disease at Diagnosis
Table 2
Bivariate correlations r ( value) between daytime P-cortisol levels and characteristics, including plasma phosphate and body composition variables at time of diagnosis.
Patients N = 75
Controls N = 25
Male patients N = 41
Female patients N = 34
Age, years
0.226 (0.051)
−0.047 (0.826)
0.393 (0.011)
0.024 (0.893)
Sex, M = 0, F = 1
−0.077 (0.514)
0.131 (0.542)
—
—
UPDRS-total
0.255 (0.028)
—
0.285 (0.071)
0.202 (0.251)
UPDRS-III
0.312 (0.006)
—
0.332 (0.034)
0.276 (0.114)
H&Y
0.136 (0.244)
—
0.162 (0.312)
0.120 (0.500)
MMSE
−0.058 (0.618)
0.152 (0.490)
−0.077 (0.633)
−0.010 (0.954)
P-phosphate, (mmol/L)
−0.355 0.002)
−0.153 (0.475)
−0.408 (0.008)
−0.292 (0.094)
MNA-total
−0.281 (0.015)
−0.119 (0.618)
−0.511 (0.001)
−0.055 (0.759)
MNA-initial
−0.308 (0.007)
−0.029 (0.895)
−0.332 (0.034)
−0.320 (0.065)
MNA-final
−0.106 (0.374)
−0.198 (0.403)
−0.453 (0.003)
0.331 (0.064)
PAL
−0.209 (0.072)
0.064 (0.771)
−0.148 (0.357)
−0.271 (0.121)
HGS, left (kgf)
−0.003 (0.977)
−0.314 (0.145)
−0.089 (0.581)
−0.077 (0.667)
HGS, right (kgf)
−0.033 (0.779)
−0.218 (0.318)
−0.133 (0.407)
−0.117 (0.509)
Anthropometry
BMI (kg/m2)
−0.132 (0.260)
−0.082 (0.702)
0.023 (0.886)
−0.259 (0.140)
ECW (lit)
−0.175 (0.132)
−0.187 (0.383)
−0.299 (0.057)
−0.412 (0.015)
ICW (lit)
−0.262 (0.023)
−0.059 (0.783)
−0.458 (0.003)
−0.287 (0.100)
ECW/ICW ratio
0.194 (0.096)
−0.220 (0.302)
0.362 (0.020)
0.008 (0.965)
TBW (lit)
−0.240 (0.038)
−0.117 (0.585)
−0.442 (0.004)
−0.354 (0.040)
FFMI (kg/m2)
−0.230 (0.047)
−0.142 (0.509)
−0.346 (0.027)
−0.273 (0.118)
FM (%)
0.153 (0.191)
0.132 (0.537)
0.513 (0.001)
0.052 (0.770)
UPDRS = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. H&Y = Hoehn & Yahr. MNA = Mini Nutritional Assessment. PAL = physical activity level. HGS = handgrip strength (kgf). BMI = body mass index (kg/m2). ECW = extracellular water. ICW = intracellular water. TBW = total body water (ECW + ICW). FFMI = fat-free mass index (kg/m2). FM (%) = fat mass percent. The significance level is 95% CI ∗p<0.05.