Review of Cracked Tooth Syndrome: Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention

Table 3

Therapy methods and, accordingly, their advantages, disadvantages, and comparisons.

Therapy method		Advantage	Disadvantage	Comparison
Immediate treatment	Occlusal adjustment	Alleviating the symptoms; Delaying the cracking process [82]	Weakens the natural tooth structure [82]	(1) Copper rings and stainless steel have the highest technical sensitivity; (2) DCS is the most minimally invasive of the four techniques; (3) Temporary crowns are more prone to delayed treatment
	Copper rings and stainless steel	Helping with the establishment of definitive diagnosis [13, 51]	Skills and knowledge are required; Food trapping [57]
	Direct composite splints (DCSs)	Easily removed [83]	Careful inclusion criteria [83]
	Temporary crown	Aesthetical and practicable advantages [84]; Most practitioners are competent with techniques	Risks of pulp tissue trauma [85, 86]
Direct restoration		Avoiding provisional restorations and low cost	Risk of fracture due to lateral load [57]	(1) Direct restoration is more minimally invasive than indirect restoration; (2) The survival rate of direct restoration is higher than that of indirect restoration when the load exceeds a certain range [90]
Indirect restoration	Inlay restorations	Improving the fracture strength of prepared teeth [87]	Preparation undermines the residual tooth structure [88]
	Onlay restorations	Conservative [89]	Lower fatigue resistance [90]
	Full crown	Decreasing the incidence of complications [91]	Pulpal injuries [85]