Inhibition of , , TNF- and iNOS EXpression by Shorea robusta L.: An Ethnomedicine Used for Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity
Figure 8
Effect of aqueous (AE) and methanol (ME) extract on nitrite (a), PGE2 (b), and THF-α (c) production by LPS-induced THP-1 macrophage. (a) The PMA (100 nM) activated cells were pretreated with or without various concentrations of extracts (0–100 μg/mL) for 1 h and then LPS (1 μg/mL) was added and incubated for 24 h. Control values are in the absence of LPS or extract while 10 μM of L-NIL was used as positive control. The values are the means ± SD from three independent experiments. *; **; *** versus LPS-treated group; the significance of the difference between the treated groups was evaluated by Student’s t-test. (b) The conditions of sample treatment were identical with Figure 8(a), using 10 μM of COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 as positive control. The values represent the means ± SD from three independent experiments. *; **; *** versus LPS-treated group; the significance of difference between the treated group was evaluated by Student’s t-test. (c) The conditions of sample treatment were identical with Figure 8(a), using dexamethasone (Dexa, 1 μM) as positive inhibitor. The values represent the means ± SD from three independent experiments. **; *** versus LPS-treated group; the significance of difference between the treated groups was evaluated by Student’s t-test.
