Antimicrobial Resistance of Enteric Salmonella in Bangui, Central African Republic

Table 1

Primers used for detecting resistance-associated genes by PCR.

Gene	Enzymatic activity	Antibiotic targeted	Primers	References
blaTEM	Penicillinase TEM	Aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, and ureidopenicillins	OT3: 5′ ATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCG 3′; OT4: 5′ CCAATGCTTATTCAGTGAGG 3′	[6, 7]
blaOXA	Oxacillinase	Aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, ureidopenicillins, and Penicillin M	OXA F: 5′ ATGAAAACACAATACATATC 3′; OXA R: 5′ AATTTAGTGTGTTTAGAATG 3′	[8]
blaSHV	Beta-lactamase Sulfhydryl Variable (SHV)	All beta-lactams except carbapenems and cephamycins	OS5: 5′ TTATCTCCCTGTTAGCCACC 3′; OS6: 5′ GATTTGCTGATTTCGCTCGG 3′	[9]
tetA	Active efflux pump	Cyclines	TetA Lower: 5′ GCAGGCAGAGCAAGTAGAGG 3′; TetA Upper: 5′ GTTTCGGGTTCGGGATGGTC 3′	[6, 10, 11]
catA1	Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase	Chloramphenicol	CatA1-F: 5′ CGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCG.3′; CatA1-R: 5′ CCTGCCACTCATCGCAGTAC 3′	[6, 12]
aadA1	Aminoglycoside adenyltransferase	Streptomycin	Aad-F: 5′ TATCAGAGGTAGTTGGCGTCAT 3′; Aad-R: 5′ GTTCCATAGCGTTAAGGTTTCATT 3′	[6, 13, 14]
dhfrA1	Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)	Trimethoprim	dhfrla-F: 5′ TGAAACTATCACTAATGGTA 3′; dhfrla-R: 5′ TTAACCCTTTTGCCAGTATTG 3′	[4, 15]
sul I	Dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS)	Sulfonamides	Sul I-F: 5′ CGGCGTGGGCTACCTGAACC 3′; Sul I-B: 5′ GCCGATCGCGTGAAGTTCCG 3′	[6, 15]
sul II	Dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS)	Sulfonamides	Sul II-F: 5′ GCGCTCAAGGCAGATGGCATT 3′; Sul II-B: 5′ GCGTTTGATACCGGCACCCGT 3′	[6, 15]