The Association between Serum Level of Vitamin D and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Hospitalized Adult Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Real-World Data

Table 3

The association between vitamin D and inflammatory biomarkers in 35,528 Chinese adult hospitalized patients.

Inflammatory biomarkers	Serum level of 25(OH)D (ng/mL)			Each SD increment; (≈7.4 ng/mL)	Ptrend
	<12 (n = 9,955)	12–20 (n = 14,394)	≥20 (n = 11,179)
WBC
Age- and sex-adjusted model	0.59 (0.42, 0.76)	0.09 (−0.07, 0.25)	Ref (0)	−0.24 (−0.31, −0.18)	<0.001
Multivariate model	0.31 (0.13, 0.49)	0.03 (−0.12, 0.19)	Ref (0)	−0.13 (−0.20, −0.06)	<0.001
CRP
Age- and sex-adjusted model	6.68 (6.02, 7.33)	2.22 (1.62, 2.82)	Ref (0)	−2.6 (−2.85, −2.35)	<0.001
Multivariate model	1.59 (0.93, 2.26)	1.06 (0.49, 1.63)	Ref (0)	−0.62 (−0.88, −0.37)	<0.001
Procalcitonin
Age- and sex-adjusted model	0.03 (−0.001, 0.06)	−0.04 (−0.08, −0.02)	Ref (0)	−0.02 (−0.03, −0.005)	0.006
Multivariate model	0.007 (−0.02, 0.04)	−0.02 (−0.05, 0.002)	Ref (0)	0.0002 (−0.01, 0.01)	0.97

Notes: Multivariate model was adjusted by sex (men vs. women), age (year), hospital (Ren Ji vs. Xin Hua), season (spring, summer, autumn, or winter), BMI (<18.5 kg/m², 18.5–23.9 kg/m², or ≥24.0 kg/m²), anemia (yes vs. no), albumin (<35.0 g/L vs. ≥35.0 g/L), fasting blood glucose (<6.0 mmol/L vs. ≥6.0 mmol/L), serum level of liver enzymes (normal vs. abnormal), cholestasis (yes vs. no), eGFR-EPI (<60.0 vs. ≥60.0 mL/min/1.73 m²), dyslipidemia (yes vs. no), CCI (0, 1–2, or ≥3 points), diet intake (<500 kcal/day, 500–1,000 kcal/day, or ≥1,000 kcal/day). Anemia was confirmed as following: serum hemoglobin <120 g/L in men or <110 g/L in women. Abnormal liver enzyme was confirmed if any of the following: alanine transferase ≥ 120 U/L, or aspartate transaminase ≥ 150 U/L, or alkaline phosphatase ≥ 250 U/L, or gamma glutamyl-transferase ≥ 100 IU/L. Cholestasis was confirmed if either of the following: total bilirubin ≥ 34.2 μmol/L or direct bilirubin ≥ 13.6 μmol/L. Dyslipidemia was confirmed if either of the following: total cholesterol ≥ 5.72 mmol/L or total triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L.