<i>Background</i>. Globally, male involvement in maternal health care services remains a challenge to effective maternal health care accessibility and utilization.<i> Objective</i>. This study assessed male involvement in maternal health care services and associated factors in Anomabo in the Central Region of Ghana.<i> Methods</i>. Random sampling procedures were employed in selecting 100 adult male respondents whose partners were pregnant or had given birth within twelve months preceding the study. Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher&#x2019;s exact tests were conducted to assess the association of sociodemographic and enabling/disenabling factors with male involvement in maternal health care services.<i> Results</i>. Some 35&#x25;, 44&#x25;, and 20&#x25; of men accompanied their partners to antenatal care, delivery, and postnatal care services, respectively. Male involvement in antenatal care and delivery was influenced by sociodemographic (partner&#x2019;s education, type of marriage, living arrangements, and number of children) and enabling/disenabling (distance to health facility, attitude of health workers, prohibitive cultural norms, unfavourable health policies, and gender roles) factors.<i> Conclusion</i>. The low male involvement in maternal health care services warrants interventions to improve the situation. Public health interventions should focus on designing messages to diffuse existing sociocultural perceptions and health care provider attitudes which influence male involvement in maternal health care services.

Joshua Panyin Craymah

Robert Kwame Oppong

Derek Anamaale Tuoyire

Male Involvement in Maternal Health Care at Anomabo, Central Region, Ghana

<i>Background</i>. A significant number of women make Implanon their first choice of contraception. However, they discontinue their Implanon before its expiry date was high, but factors that contribute to discontinuing their Implanon were poorly described in Ethiopia.<i> Methods</i>. A community based unmatched case control study was conducted. Then simple random sampling technique was used to select 340 women. Data was collected by nurses using face to face interview. Epi-Info version 7 and SPSS 20 software were used. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were performed with COR and AOR with 95&#x25; CI.<i> Findings</i>. Having preinsertion counseling (AOR: 0.36, 95&#x25; CI: 0.20&#x2013;0.64), having follow-up appointment (AOR: 0.35, 95&#x25; CI: 0.2&#x2013;0.62), age at insertion &#x3c;20 years (AOR: 3, 95&#x25; CI: 1.16&#x2013;7.8), women who had no formal education (AOR: 2.8, 95&#x25; CI: 1.31&#x2013;6.11), women who had &#x2264;4 children (AOR: 1.8, 95&#x25; CI: 1.01&#x2013;3.21), and women who had previous abortion history (AOR: 2.3, 95&#x25; CI: 1.10&#x2013;4.63) were determinants of Implanon discontinuation.<i> Conclusions</i>. Policy makers and concerned bodies should take into account future intervention and also great emphasis should be given to follow-up appointment and counseling services, especially counseling on side effects, and informed choice for clients after Implanon insertion.

Amanuel Tadesse

Mekides Kondale

Eskzyiaw Agedew

Feleke Gebremeskel

Negussie Boti

Bilcha Oumer

Determinant of Implanon Discontinuation among Women Who Ever Used Implanon in Diguna Fango District, Wolayita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Community Based Case Control Study

<i>Background</i>. Though exogenous testosterone is known for its contraceptive effects in men, it is sometimes prescribed by medical practitioners for the treatment of male factor infertility in the mistaken belief that exogenous testosterone improves sperm count. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scope of testosterone use in the treatment of male factor infertility by medical practitioners in Lagos, Nigeria.<i> Methods</i>. A survey using a structured questionnaire was carried out amongst doctors attending a regular Continuing Medical Education (CME) programme in Lagos, Nigeria.<i> Results</i>. There were 225 respondents. Most of the respondents (69.8%, <span class="inline_break"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17.789pt" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" id="M1" height="8.55521pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 17.789 8.55521"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-111" d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)"><path id="g117-34" d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"/></g></svg><span class="irelop"/><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18.72pt" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" height="8.55521pt" version="1.1" viewBox="21.3711838 -8.34882 18.72 8.55521"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)"><path id="g113-50" d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.661,0)"><path id="g113-54" d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.901,0)"><path id="g113-56" d="M447 623H65C61 580 56 530 47 475H76C100 541 106 550 172 550H388C308 376 196 170 91 -1L98 -12L172 -2C268 204 360 408 455 611L447 623Z"/></g></svg></span>) indicated that exogenous testosterone increases sperm count. Only 22 respondents (9.8%) indicated (correctly) that exogenous testosterone decreases sperm count. Seventy-seven respondents (34.2%) had prescribed some form of exogenous testosterone in the treatment of male factor infertility. The vast majority of respondents who had prescribed testosterone (81.8%, <span class="inline_break"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17.789pt" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" id="M2" height="8.55521pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 17.789 8.55521"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-111"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)"><use xlink:href="#g117-34"/></g></svg><span class="irelop"/><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.48pt" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" height="8.55521pt" version="1.1" viewBox="21.3711838 -8.34882 12.48 8.55521"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)"><path id="g113-55" d="M137 343C167 482 260 545 321 574C357 591 397 603 429 609L423 641C382 634 335 622 295 608C189 570 37 457 37 238C37 84 125 -12 242 -12C362 -12 447 89 447 209C447 311 374 393 267 393C247 393 226 386 204 376L137 343ZM227 337C318 337 361 256 361 173C361 105 336 22 258 22C176 22 126 120 126 240C126 266 127 291 132 310C155 323 189 337 227 337Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.661,0)"><path id="g113-52" d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"/></g></svg></span>) thought exogenous testosterone increases sperm count. There was no statistically significant difference in the pattern of prescription across the respondents’ specialty (<span class="inline_break"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18.973pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42938pt" id="M3" height="11.7782pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-113" d="M570 304C570 398 525 448 414 448C385 448 343 445 312 434L329 511L321 518C297 504 262 482 244 460L233 411C195 397 159 381 128 358L135 332C160 347 189 360 224 373L111 -147C97 -210 84 -218 17 -231L13 -257L254 -247L259 -218L233 -216C183 -212 177 -202 189 -142L218 -1C238 -10 266 -12 283 -12C351 3 429 48 483 105C543 168 570 242 570 304ZM482 289C482 161 380 33 304 33C278 33 248 51 233 69L303 396C326 400 352 403 369 403C428 403 482 380 482 289Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)"><use xlink:href="#g117-34"/></g></svg><span class="irelop"/><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="27.924pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42938pt" height="11.7782pt" version="1.1" viewBox="22.555183800000002 -8.34882 27.924 11.7782"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)"><path id="g113-49" d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)"><path id="g113-47" d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)"><path id="g113-57" d="M249 635C141 635 70 555 70 471C70 401 114 353 179 316C143 294 106 267 90 252C68 231 45 202 45 157C45 50 130 -12 237 -12C322 -12 435 52 435 169C435 256 372 304 303 343C349 374 375 398 383 407C401 429 411 458 411 487C411 569 344 635 249 635ZM238 603C285 603 337 567 337 482C337 422 310 385 276 358C205 393 145 426 145 500C145 552 179 603 238 603ZM248 20C183 20 125 70 125 163C125 218 158 268 206 300C284 261 355 217 355 143C355 66 308 20 248 20Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-54"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.289,0)"><path id="g113-58" d="M244 635C114 635 38 519 38 422C38 317 111 240 217 240C236 240 255 244 277 256L345 292C311 140 203 39 59 15L64 -15C89 -15 150 -5 204 17C339 72 440 202 440 386C440 521 368 635 244 635ZM228 602C326 602 352 479 352 390C352 370 351 347 348 324C327 308 293 296 258 296C174 296 124 369 124 458C124 517 152 602 228 602Z"/></g></svg></span>) or practice type (<span class="inline_break"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18.973pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42938pt" id="M4" height="11.7782pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-113"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)"><use xlink:href="#g117-34"/></g></svg><span class="irelop"/><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="27.926pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42938pt" height="11.7782pt" version="1.1" viewBox="22.555183800000002 -8.34882 27.926 11.7782"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-49"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-47"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-56"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.051,0)"><path id="g113-53" d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.291,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-56"/></g></svg></span>).<i> Conclusion</i>. The misuse of exogenous testosterone for the treatment of male infertility was common amongst the respondents, with most of them wrongly believing that exogenous testosterone increases sperm count.

Olufunmilade Akinfolarin Omisanjo

Stephen Odunayo Ikuerowo

Moruf Adekunle Abdulsalam

Sheriff Olabode Ajenifuja

Khadijah Adebisi Shittu

Use of Exogenous Testosterone for the Treatment of Male Factor Infertility: A Survey of Nigerian Doctors

<i>Background</i>. Pharmacy professionals, as the most available members of medical team, have an important role in educating patients about the effective and appropriate use of contraceptives. The purpose of this study was to assess pharmacy professionals&#x2019; dispensing practice, knowledge, and attitude towards emergency contraceptives use in Gondar town, northwestern Ethiopia.<i> Methods</i>. An institution based cross-sectional study was employed from May 14 to June 14, 2016, on 60 pharmacy professionals, who have been working in 8 randomly selected pharmacies and 6 drug stores. The collected data was entered to and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.<i> Result</i>. More than half 33 (55.0&#x25;) of the participants were druggist with 5&#x2013;9 years of experience. About 56 (93.3&#x25;) of the participants knew about the dosing schedule (when and how much to take) and side effects of emergency contraceptives. More than two-thirds of the participants (39, 65&#x25;) agreed that the existence of emergency contraceptives is a positive thing and considered their use is ethical (42, 63.3&#x25;). The majority of participants (51, 85&#x25;) also reported that they counsel all women when dispensing emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs).<i> Conclusion</i>. This study revealed that knowledge, attitude, and dispensing practice of emergency contraceptives are very good even though there were variations with respect to different factors. Findings suggested that additional training and proper counseling technique on emergency contraceptives will improve the service delivery.

Sewunet Admasu Belachew

Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu

Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie

Pharmacy Professionals&#x2019; Dispensing Practice, Knowledge, and Attitude towards Emergency Contraceptives in Gondar Town, Northwestern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

<i>Background</i>. Dysmenorrhea is an important health problem of adolescents in school, as well as health practitioners, that badly affects the daily activities and quality of life. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and assess its management practice among University of Gondar students.<i> Methods</i>. A cross-sectional study was done from April 06 to May 08, 2016, on female students of University of Gondar. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were used to describe and assess the association between different variables.<i> Results</i>. More than two-thirds (75.3&#x25;) of the respondents were nonmedical students and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 77.6&#x25;. About half (50.6&#x25;) of the participants reported that they have a family history of dysmenorrhea and experienced continuous type of pain (53&#x25;) which lasts 1-2 days (47.8&#x25;). Abdominal spasm (70.4&#x25;), back pain (69.7&#x25;) fatigue, and weakness (63.5&#x25;) were the most commonly experienced dysmenorrhea symptoms. More than half (63&#x25;) of the respondents had encountered social withdrawal and decrease in academic performance (51.4&#x25;). More than two-thirds (63.8&#x25;) of the respondents use home remedies as a primary management option. Ibuprofen and diclofenac were the most commonly used medications to manage dysmenorrhea.<i> Conclusions</i>. The present study revealed that high proportion of University of Gondar female students had dysmenorrhea. Findings suggest the need for educating adolescent girls on appropriate and effective management of dysmenorrhea.

Minaleshewa Biruk Gebeyehu

Abebe Basazn Mekuria

Yonas Getaye Tefera

Dagmawi Abate Andarge

Yabsira Belayneh Debay

Geremew Sokile Bejiga

Prevalence, Impact, and Management Practice of Dysmenorrhea among University of Gondar Students, Northwestern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

<i>Purpose.</i> To improve success of in vitro fertilization (IVF), assisted reproductive technology (ART) experts addressed four questions. What is optimum oocytes number leading to highest live birth rate (LBR)? Are cohort size and embryo quality correlated? Does gonadotropin type affect oocyte yield? Should &#x201c;freeze-all&#x201d; policy be adopted in cycles with progesterone &#x3e;1.5&#x2009;ng/mL on day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration?<i> Methods.</i> Electronic database search included ten studies on which panel gave opinions for improving current practice in controlled ovarian stimulation for ART.<i> Results.</i> Strong association existed between retrieved oocytes number (RON) and LBRs. RON impacted likelihood of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Embryo euploidy decreased with age, not with cohort size. Progesterone &#x3e; 1.5&#x2009;ng/dL did not impair cycle outcomes in patients with high cohorts and showed disparate results on day of hCG administration.<i> Conclusions.</i> Ovarian stimulation should be designed to retrieve 10&#x2013;15 oocytes/treatment. Accurate dosage, gonadotropin type, should be selected as per prediction markers of ovarian response. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist based protocols are advised to avoid OHSS. Cumulative pregnancy rate was most relevant pregnancy endpoint in ART. Cycles with serum progesterone &#x2265;1.5&#x2009;ng/dL on day of hCG administration should not adopt &#x201c;freeze-all&#x201d; policy. Further research is needed due to lack of data availability on progesterone threshold or index.

Baiju Ahemmed

Vani Sundarapandian

Rohit Gutgutia

Sathya Balasubramanyam

Richa Jagtap

Reeta Biliangady

Priti Gupta

Sachin Jadhav

Ruma Satwik

Pavitra Raj Dewda

Priti Thakor

Sandro C. Esteves

Outcomes and Recommendations of an Indian Expert Panel for Improved Practice in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for Assisted Reproductive Technology

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<p><em>International Journal of Reproductive Medicine</em> publishes original&nbsp;research and review articles on reproductive medicine.</p>


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International Journal of Reproductive Medicine - Table of contents 2017

International Journal of Reproductive Medicine | Hindawi

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International Journal of Reproductive Medicine publishes original research and review articles on reproductive medicine.

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International Journal of Reproductive Medicine

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